Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetic disorder that affects the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the photoreceptor cells, namely the rods and cones, which are responsible for capturing and processing light signals.
Individuals with RP typically experience a gradual loss of vision, starting with difficulty seeing in low-light conditions and peripheral vision loss. As the disease progresses, central vision may also be affected, leading to significant visual impairment or blindness in severe cases.
RP is a heterogeneous condition, meaning it can be caused by mutations in various genes. It can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked manner. While there is currently no cure for RP, ongoing research aims to develop treatments to slow down its progression or restore vision.
Early diagnosis and regular eye examinations are crucial for managing RP and implementing appropriate interventions to optimize visual function and quality of life. Low vision aids, mobility training, and genetic counseling are often recommended to individuals with RP and their families.