Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the connective tissues in the body. It is characterized by the abnormal production of collagen, a protein that provides structure and support to various organs and tissues. This excessive collagen production leads to the hardening and thickening of the skin, blood vessels, and internal organs.
The exact cause of scleroderma is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It predominantly affects women between the ages of 30 and 50, although it can occur in men and people of all ages.
Symptoms of scleroderma can vary widely depending on the extent and location of the tissue involvement. Common symptoms include thickening and tightening of the skin, joint pain and stiffness, Raynaud's phenomenon (color changes in the fingers and toes in response to cold or stress), digestive problems, shortness of breath, and fatigue.
While there is no cure for scleroderma, treatment aims to manage symptoms and prevent complications. This may involve medications to control inflammation, improve blood flow, and suppress the immune system. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and lifestyle modifications can also help improve quality of life for individuals with scleroderma.