Sjogren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the moisture-producing glands in the body, leading to symptoms of dryness in various areas such as the eyes, mouth, and throat. It is named after Dr. Henrik Sjogren, who first described the condition in the early 20th century.
Individuals with Sjogren's syndrome may experience dry eyes, causing irritation, a gritty sensation, and increased sensitivity to light. Dry mouth can lead to difficulty swallowing, speaking, and an increased risk of dental problems. Other common symptoms include fatigue, joint pain, and dry skin.
The exact cause of Sjogren's syndrome is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own moisture-producing glands, resulting in reduced saliva and tear production.
Diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome involves a thorough evaluation of symptoms, along with various tests such as blood work, eye examinations, and salivary gland biopsies. While there is no cure for Sjogren's syndrome, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may involve the use of artificial tears, saliva substitutes, and medications to reduce inflammation.