Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction (SOD) is a relatively rare condition that affects the smooth muscle valve located at the junction of the bile duct, pancreatic duct, and duodenum. It is characterized by the dysfunction or abnormal spasm of this sphincter, leading to impaired flow of bile and pancreatic juices into the small intestine.
While the exact prevalence of SOD is not well-established, it is estimated to affect approximately 1-5% of the general population. However, the condition is more commonly observed in individuals who have previously undergone gallbladder removal surgery, with prevalence rates ranging from 10-20% in this specific population.
SOD can present with a variety of symptoms, including recurrent abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. Diagnosis is often challenging and requires a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and specialized tests such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
Treatment options for SOD include medications to relieve symptoms, endoscopic interventions to dilate or cut the sphincter, and in severe cases, surgical intervention. It is important for individuals experiencing symptoms suggestive of SOD to seek medical attention for proper evaluation and management.