Stargardt Disease, also known as Stargardt macular dystrophy or juvenile macular degeneration, is a genetic eye disorder that affects the macula, a small area in the center of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. It is typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence and can lead to progressive vision loss over time.
Symptoms: The most common symptom of Stargardt Disease is a gradual loss of central vision, resulting in blurred or distorted vision. This can make it difficult to read, recognize faces, or perform tasks that require detailed vision. Color perception may also be affected.
Cause: Stargardt Disease is caused by mutations in the ABCA4 gene, which plays a crucial role in the visual cycle. These mutations lead to the buildup of toxic byproducts in the retina, damaging the cells responsible for central vision.
Treatment: Currently, there is no cure for Stargardt Disease. However, ongoing research is exploring potential treatments such as gene therapy and stem cell therapy. Low vision aids, such as magnifiers and electronic devices, can help individuals with Stargardt Disease maximize their remaining vision and maintain independence.
Impact: Stargardt Disease can significantly impact an individual's quality of life, as it affects their ability to perform daily activities and may limit educational and career opportunities. It is important for individuals with Stargardt Disease to seek support from healthcare professionals, low vision specialists, and support groups to cope with the emotional and practical challenges associated with the condition.