What are Chilblains (Perniosis)

Chilblains, also known as perniosis, are a common condition characterized by the inflammation of small blood vessels in the skin. They typically occur in response to cold temperatures and poor circulation. Chilblains primarily affect the extremities, such as the fingers, toes, ears, and nose.

Symptoms: The affected areas may appear red, swollen, and itchy. They can also be accompanied by a burning or tingling sensation. In severe cases, blisters or ulcers may develop, leading to pain and potential infection.

Causes: Chilblains occur when the skin is exposed to cold temperatures and then rapidly rewarmed. This causes the small blood vessels to constrict and then expand too quickly, resulting in inflammation and damage to the surrounding tissues. Individuals with poor circulation, a family history of chilblains, or those who are more sensitive to cold are at a higher risk.

Treatment: The primary approach to managing chilblains involves keeping the affected areas warm and avoiding further exposure to cold. Applying warm compresses, using moisturizers, and wearing appropriate clothing can help alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, medications may be prescribed to relieve pain and reduce inflammation.

Prevention: To prevent chilblains, it is important to keep the body warm, especially the extremities, in cold weather. Layering clothing, wearing warm socks and gloves, and avoiding sudden temperature changes can help minimize the risk of developing chilblains.