Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of numerous polyps (abnormal growths) in the colon and rectum. These polyps typically start forming during adolescence and, if left untreated, can progress to colorectal cancer.
FAP is caused by a mutation in the APC gene, which is responsible for suppressing tumor growth. This mutation is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that an affected individual has a 50% chance of passing the condition on to their children.
Individuals with FAP may experience symptoms such as rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, and anemia. Regular screening and surveillance are crucial to detect and remove polyps before they become cancerous. Treatment options for FAP include medication to reduce polyp formation and surgical removal of the colon and rectum (colectomy).
Early detection and intervention are key to managing FAP effectively. Genetic testing can help identify individuals at risk, allowing for proactive monitoring and preventive measures. Additionally, counseling and support groups can provide emotional and psychological support for individuals and families affected by FAP.