Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the motor neurons in the spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. The prevalence of SMA varies depending on the specific type.
The most common form of SMA is called SMA type 1, also known as Werdnig-Hoffmann disease. It is the most severe and typically manifests in infancy. SMA type 1 has an estimated prevalence of approximately 1 in 10,000 live births. Infants with this form of SMA often have difficulty with basic motor functions, such as breathing, swallowing, and moving.
Other types of SMA, such as SMA type 2 and type 3, have a lower prevalence but can still significantly impact individuals' lives. SMA type 2 typically appears in early childhood and has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 25,000 to 1 in 50,000 individuals. SMA type 3, also known as Kugelberg-Welander disease, usually manifests in adolescence or adulthood and has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 40,000 to 1 in 60,000 individuals.
It is important to note that SMA is a rare disorder, but its impact on affected individuals and their families is substantial. Ongoing research and advancements in treatment options, such as gene therapy, offer hope for improved outcomes and quality of life for those living with SMA.