What is Bejel / Endemic Syphilis

Bejel, also known as endemic syphilis, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It primarily affects individuals living in impoverished and overcrowded conditions, particularly in arid regions of Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia.

Bejel is transmitted through direct contact with the sores or mucous membranes of an infected person. It can be spread through activities such as kissing, sharing utensils, or sexual contact. Poor hygiene and limited access to healthcare contribute to its prevalence in affected communities.

The symptoms of bejel typically appear in childhood or adolescence and progress slowly over several years. Initial signs include painless sores or ulcers on the skin, mouth, or genitals. If left untreated, bejel can lead to more severe complications, such as bone and joint deformities.

Diagnosis of bejel involves a combination of clinical evaluation, medical history, and laboratory tests. Treatment primarily consists of antibiotics, such as penicillin, which effectively eliminate the infection.

Prevention and control measures for bejel focus on improving hygiene, access to clean water, and healthcare services in affected communities. Health education programs play a crucial role in raising awareness about the disease and promoting safe practices to prevent its transmission.