Which are the symptoms of Boutonneuse Fever?

Boutonneuse Fever, also known as Mediterranean spotted fever, is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia conorii. It is primarily found in the Mediterranean region, including countries such as Italy, Greece, Spain, and Turkey. The disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks, primarily the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus).

The symptoms of Boutonneuse Fever typically appear within 5 to 7 days after the tick bite and can vary in severity. The initial signs may include:

• Fever: The infected individual may experience a sudden onset of high fever, often reaching 39-40°C (102-104°F).


• Rash: A characteristic rash called an eschar or tache noire may develop at the site of the tick bite. This dark, scab-like lesion is usually painless and surrounded by a red halo. It typically appears within 3-5 days after the tick bite and may expand over time.


• Headache: Many patients with Boutonneuse Fever experience moderate to severe headaches.


• Muscle aches and joint pain: Individuals may experience generalized muscle aches and joint pain, which can be quite debilitating.


• Fatigue: Fatigue and weakness are common symptoms of the disease, often leading to decreased activity levels.


• Nausea and vomiting: Some patients may experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.


• Enlarged lymph nodes: Swollen and tender lymph nodes, particularly in the region near the tick bite, may be observed.

If left untreated, Boutonneuse Fever can progress and lead to more severe symptoms, including:

• Severe headache: The headache may worsen and become more intense.


• Confusion and mental changes: Some individuals may experience confusion, disorientation, or changes in mental status.


• Respiratory symptoms: In rare cases, respiratory symptoms such as coughing and difficulty breathing may occur.


• Cardiovascular complications: Severe cases of Boutonneuse Fever can lead to cardiovascular complications, including irregular heart rhythms and low blood pressure.


• Organ dysfunction: In rare instances, the infection can affect multiple organs, leading to liver or kidney dysfunction.

If you suspect you have been bitten by an infected tick and are experiencing any of the aforementioned symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Boutonneuse Fever can be diagnosed through clinical evaluation, blood tests, and serological analysis to detect specific antibodies against Rickettsia conorii.

Treatment for Boutonneuse Fever typically involves the administration of antibiotics, such as doxycycline, to eliminate the bacterial infection. Early treatment is essential to prevent the progression of the disease and potential complications. Most patients respond well to treatment and experience a full recovery.

Prevention of Boutonneuse Fever primarily involves avoiding tick bites. This can be achieved by wearing protective clothing, using insect repellents, and avoiding areas with high tick populations. Additionally, thoroughly checking for ticks after spending time outdoors and promptly removing any attached ticks can help reduce the risk of infection.