Cardiac syndrome X / Microvascular Angina synonyms

Cardiac syndrome X, also known as microvascular angina, is a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort that occurs in the absence of significant blockages in the major coronary arteries. This condition primarily affects women and is often associated with abnormalities in the small blood vessels of the heart, known as microvessels.

Synonyms for cardiac syndrome X include microvascular angina and non-obstructive coronary artery disease. These terms are used interchangeably to describe the same condition, where patients experience symptoms of angina, such as chest pain or pressure, but do not show any significant blockages in their coronary arteries during diagnostic tests like angiography.

The exact cause of cardiac syndrome X is not fully understood, but several factors have been identified as potential contributors. These include abnormalities in the function of the microvessels, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and increased sensitivity to pain. Hormonal factors, such as estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women, may also play a role in the development of this condition.

Diagnosing cardiac syndrome X can be challenging as the symptoms are similar to those of obstructive coronary artery disease. However, tests such as stress tests, echocardiograms, and coronary angiography can help rule out other potential causes of chest pain and confirm the presence of microvascular dysfunction.

Treatment for cardiac syndrome X focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. Medications such as calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and beta-blockers may be prescribed to manage chest pain and improve blood flow to the heart. Lifestyle modifications, including regular exercise, a heart-healthy diet, stress management, and smoking cessation, are also recommended.

In conclusion, cardiac syndrome X, also known as microvascular angina, is a condition characterized by chest pain in the absence of significant blockages in the major coronary arteries. It primarily affects women and is associated with abnormalities in the microvessels of the heart. Diagnosis can be challenging, but treatment aims to alleviate symptoms and improve overall well-being.