Which are the causes of Chandler’s Syndrome?

Chandler's Syndrome, also known as Chandler syndrome or Chandler's disease, is a rare eye disorder that affects the cornea. It is characterized by the development of abnormal cells in the corneal endothelium, the innermost layer of the cornea. These cells can cause various symptoms and complications, leading to vision problems.

The exact cause of Chandler's Syndrome is not fully understood. However, it is believed to be associated with a group of conditions known as the iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome. ICE syndrome encompasses three related disorders: Chandler's Syndrome, Cogan-Reese Syndrome, and essential iris atrophy.

Genetic Factors: While the precise genetic mechanisms behind Chandler's Syndrome are not yet known, there is evidence to suggest a genetic component. Studies have shown that certain genetic mutations may predispose individuals to develop the disorder. However, more research is needed to fully understand the genetic basis of Chandler's Syndrome.

Abnormal Cell Growth: In Chandler's Syndrome, the corneal endothelial cells undergo abnormal growth and proliferation. These cells can form a layer of tissue on the back surface of the cornea, leading to corneal edema (swelling) and distortion. The exact triggers for this abnormal cell growth are not well-defined, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Inflammation and Dysfunction: In some cases, inflammation and dysfunction of the corneal endothelium may contribute to the development of Chandler's Syndrome. The exact mechanisms by which inflammation occurs are not fully understood, but it is believed to involve an immune response or an autoimmune reaction targeting the cornea.

Age and Gender: Chandler's Syndrome typically affects adults, with most cases diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 50. It appears to be slightly more common in women than in men, although the reasons for this gender difference are not clear.

Other Risk Factors: Certain factors may increase the risk of developing Chandler's Syndrome, although their exact role in the disease process is not well-established. These factors include a history of eye trauma, previous eye surgeries, and certain systemic conditions such as diabetes.

It is important to note that Chandler's Syndrome is a rare condition, and the specific causes can vary from person to person. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and risk factors associated with this eye disorder.