Ciguatera, also known as ciguatera fish poisoning, is a type of foodborne illness caused by consuming fish contaminated with toxins produced by certain marine microorganisms. These toxins, called ciguatoxins, are produced by dinoflagellates, which are tiny algae-like organisms that live in coral reef ecosystems. When larger predatory fish consume these dinoflagellates, they accumulate the toxins in their flesh, leading to ciguatera poisoning in humans who consume the contaminated fish.
Ciguatera is characterized by a range of symptoms that can vary in severity from mild to severe. The most common symptoms include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Additionally, individuals may experience neurological symptoms such as numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, and even reversal of temperature sensation (hot feels cold and vice versa). Other symptoms may include headache, dizziness, fatigue, and a metallic or bitter taste in the mouth.
There are several synonyms or alternative names used to refer to ciguatera. These include:
1. Ciguatera fish poisoning: This term specifically highlights that the illness is caused by consuming fish contaminated with ciguatoxins.
2. CFP: CFP stands for Ciguatera Fish Poisoning, and it is commonly used as an abbreviation for ciguatera.
3. Ciguatera poisoning: This term emphasizes that ciguatera is a type of poisoning resulting from the consumption of contaminated fish.
4. Ciguatera syndrome: This term refers to the collection of symptoms experienced by individuals affected by ciguatera.
5. Fish poisoning: While not specific to ciguatera, this term can be used to describe any illness resulting from the consumption of contaminated fish, including ciguatera.
It is important to note that ciguatera is not related to the freshness or quality of the fish, as the toxins cannot be detected by taste, smell, or appearance. Avoiding consumption of large predatory fish from certain tropical and subtropical regions known to be prone to ciguatera can help reduce the risk of ciguatera poisoning.