Is it advisable to do exercise when affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Which activities would you suggest and how intense should they be?

Is it advisable to do exercise when affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. It primarily affects boys and is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene. Given the nature of this condition, it is important to approach exercise with caution and under the guidance of healthcare professionals.

Benefits of Exercise for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

While individuals with DMD may have limited muscle function, exercise can still provide several benefits:

• Maintaining muscle strength: Regular exercise can help slow down the loss of muscle strength and function, potentially improving overall quality of life.


• Cardiovascular health: Engaging in appropriate cardiovascular exercises can help maintain heart and lung function, which can be compromised in individuals with DMD.


• Bone health: Weight-bearing exercises can help promote bone density and reduce the risk of fractures.


• Mental well-being: Exercise can have positive effects on mental health, reducing anxiety and depression commonly associated with chronic conditions.

Types of Exercise for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

When considering exercise for individuals with DMD, it is crucial to focus on activities that are safe, low-impact, and tailored to their specific needs. Here are some recommended exercises:

• Stretching and range-of-motion exercises: These exercises help maintain flexibility and prevent joint contractures. They should be performed daily and can include gentle stretching, yoga, or physical therapy.


• Low-impact aerobic exercises: Activities such as swimming, stationary cycling, or using an elliptical machine can help improve cardiovascular health without putting excessive strain on the muscles.


• Resistance training: Light resistance exercises using bands or light weights can help maintain muscle strength. It is important to start with low resistance and gradually increase as tolerated.


• Balance and coordination exercises: These exercises can help improve stability and reduce the risk of falls. Examples include tai chi, yoga, or specific balance training exercises.

Intensity and Safety Considerations

When it comes to exercise intensity, it is crucial to strike a balance between maintaining muscle strength and avoiding excessive strain or injury. Here are some important considerations:

• Consult healthcare professionals: Before starting any exercise program, it is essential to consult with healthcare professionals familiar with DMD. They can provide personalized guidance and recommendations based on the individual's specific condition.


• Start slow and progress gradually: Begin with low-intensity exercises and gradually increase the duration and intensity as tolerated. Overexertion should be avoided to prevent muscle damage.


• Listen to the body: Individuals with DMD should pay close attention to their bodies and stop any exercise that causes pain, excessive fatigue, or discomfort. Pushing beyond one's limits can be detrimental.


• Use assistive devices if needed: Depending on the individual's level of muscle weakness, assistive devices such as braces, walkers, or wheelchairs may be necessary to ensure safety during exercise.


• Supervision: It is advisable to have a trained professional or caregiver present during exercise sessions, especially for individuals with more advanced muscle weakness.

Conclusion

While exercise can provide numerous benefits for individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, it is crucial to approach it with caution and under professional guidance. The focus should be on low-impact exercises that help maintain muscle strength, cardiovascular health, and overall well-being. Safety, gradual progression, and listening to the body's signals are paramount to ensure exercise remains beneficial without causing harm. Consulting healthcare professionals familiar with DMD is essential to develop an appropriate exercise plan tailored to the individual's specific needs.