Which are the symptoms of Hepatic Encephalopathy?

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a condition characterized by impaired brain function that occurs as a result of liver dysfunction or liver failure. It is a serious complication of liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, or liver cancer. HE occurs when the liver is unable to properly remove toxins, particularly ammonia, from the blood, leading to a buildup of these substances in the brain.

The symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy can vary in severity and may include:

• Changes in mental state: One of the hallmark symptoms of HE is altered mental function. Patients may experience confusion, forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating, and personality changes. They may become irritable, agitated, or exhibit inappropriate behavior. In severe cases, patients may enter a state of stupor or coma.



• Impaired coordination and motor skills: HE can affect a person's ability to perform fine motor tasks. Patients may have difficulty writing, typing, or performing other activities that require precise movements. They may also experience tremors, muscle stiffness, or jerky movements.



• Sleep disturbances: Many individuals with hepatic encephalopathy experience changes in their sleep patterns. They may have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, leading to insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness.



• Slurred speech: HE can cause changes in speech patterns. Patients may have difficulty finding the right words, slurring their speech, or speaking in a slow or hesitant manner.



• Personality and mood changes: Patients with hepatic encephalopathy may undergo personality changes. They may become more irritable, anxious, or depressed. Some individuals may exhibit euphoria or inappropriate behavior.



• Confusion and disorientation: HE can lead to confusion and disorientation, making it difficult for individuals to understand their surroundings or recognize familiar people or objects.



• Handwriting changes: In some cases, hepatic encephalopathy can cause noticeable changes in a person's handwriting. It may become smaller, shaky, or less legible.



• Flapping tremor: A characteristic sign of severe hepatic encephalopathy is the presence of an involuntary flapping tremor, also known as asterixis. This tremor is most commonly observed when the patient extends their arms and hands.

It is important to note that the symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy can vary from person to person and may worsen over time. If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can help manage the condition and improve the quality of life for individuals with hepatic encephalopathy.