Which are the symptoms of Hepatorenal Syndrome?

Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) is a serious complication that occurs in individuals with advanced liver disease. It is characterized by the development of kidney dysfunction, specifically acute kidney injury, in the absence of any other identifiable cause. HRS is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Symptoms of Hepatorenal Syndrome:

1. Decreased urine output: One of the primary symptoms of HRS is a significant reduction in urine production. This decrease in urine output is often accompanied by dark-colored urine.

2. Fluid retention: HRS can cause fluid to accumulate in the body, leading to swelling in the legs, ankles, and abdomen. This fluid retention is known as edema.

3. Jaundice: Individuals with HRS may develop jaundice, a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes. Jaundice occurs due to the impaired liver function associated with advanced liver disease.

4. Confusion and altered mental status: HRS can affect brain function, leading to confusion, difficulty concentrating, and changes in behavior. This cognitive impairment is often referred to as hepatic encephalopathy.

5. Fatigue and weakness: HRS can cause extreme fatigue and weakness, making it difficult for individuals to carry out their daily activities.

6. Abdominal pain: Some individuals with HRS may experience abdominal pain or discomfort, which can be a result of fluid accumulation or underlying liver disease.

7. Weight loss: Unintentional weight loss is a common symptom of HRS. This weight loss is often due to a combination of factors, including decreased appetite and malnutrition.

It is important to note that the symptoms of HRS can vary in severity and may progress rapidly. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms and has a history of liver disease, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis for individuals with HRS.