Which are the causes of Histaminosis / Histamine Intolerance?

Histaminosis, also known as Histamine Intolerance, is a condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of histamine in the body. Histamine is a chemical compound that is naturally produced by the body and is involved in various physiological processes. However, some individuals may have difficulty metabolizing or breaking down histamine, leading to an imbalance and subsequent symptoms.

The causes of Histaminosis can vary from person to person, and it is often a combination of factors that contribute to the development of the condition. Here are some of the most common causes:

1. Enzyme Deficiency: One of the primary causes of Histaminosis is a deficiency in the enzymes responsible for breaking down histamine. The enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO) and histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) are responsible for metabolizing histamine in the body. If these enzymes are deficient or not functioning properly, histamine levels can build up, leading to symptoms of Histaminosis.

2. Gut Health Issues: The health of the gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in histamine metabolism. Conditions such as leaky gut syndrome, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and gut dysbiosis can disrupt the normal breakdown of histamine, contributing to its accumulation in the body.

3. Histamine-Rich Foods: Certain foods are naturally high in histamine or can trigger the release of histamine in the body. These include aged cheeses, fermented foods, processed meats, alcohol, and certain fruits and vegetables. Consuming these foods can overwhelm the body's ability to metabolize histamine, leading to symptoms of Histaminosis.

4. Medications: Some medications can interfere with histamine metabolism or trigger the release of histamine. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), certain antibiotics, and medications that block stomach acid production (such as proton pump inhibitors) are known to affect histamine levels in the body.

5. Hormonal Factors: Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during the menstrual cycle or pregnancy, can influence histamine levels and contribute to the development of Histaminosis. Fluctuations in estrogen levels, in particular, have been associated with increased histamine sensitivity.

6. Stress: Chronic stress can disrupt various physiological processes, including histamine metabolism. Stress hormones released during periods of prolonged stress can affect the production and breakdown of histamine, leading to its accumulation in the body.

It is important to note that Histaminosis is a complex condition, and the causes can vary from person to person. Identifying the underlying causes and triggers is crucial in managing the symptoms and improving quality of life for individuals with Histaminosis.