Which are the symptoms of Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis?

Symptoms of Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis

Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (ISS) is a rare condition characterized by the narrowing of the airway passage below the vocal cords, specifically in the subglottic region. This narrowing can lead to various symptoms and complications, affecting an individual's ability to breathe properly. While the exact cause of ISS is unknown, it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder.

1. Breathing difficulties: One of the primary symptoms of ISS is difficulty in breathing. As the airway narrows, it becomes increasingly challenging for air to pass through, resulting in shortness of breath, especially during physical exertion or strenuous activities. Individuals may experience a sensation of tightness or constriction in the throat, making it harder to inhale and exhale.

2. Stridor: Stridor refers to a high-pitched, wheezing sound that occurs during breathing. It is a common symptom of subglottic stenosis and is caused by the turbulent airflow through the narrowed airway. Stridor is typically more noticeable during inspiration and may worsen over time as the stenosis progresses.

3. Hoarseness: Hoarseness or voice changes can occur in individuals with ISS. The narrowing of the subglottic region can affect the vocal cords, leading to a raspy or strained voice. This symptom may be more pronounced after physical activity or prolonged speaking.

4. Chronic cough: A persistent, dry cough is another symptom associated with idiopathic subglottic stenosis. The cough may be triggered by irritation in the narrowed airway or as a reflex response to the restricted airflow. It is important to note that the cough is typically non-productive, meaning it does not produce phlegm or mucus.

5. Exercise intolerance: Due to the compromised airway, individuals with ISS may experience difficulty in engaging in physical activities. The reduced airflow can limit oxygen intake, leading to fatigue, shortness of breath, and an inability to sustain exercise for extended periods.

6. Recurrent respiratory infections: ISS can make individuals more susceptible to respiratory infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia. The narrowed airway can impede the body's ability to clear mucus and bacteria, increasing the risk of infections. Frequent respiratory infections can further exacerbate the symptoms of ISS.

7. Struggles with swallowing: In some cases, idiopathic subglottic stenosis can cause difficulties with swallowing, known as dysphagia. The narrowing of the airway can affect the coordination between breathing and swallowing, leading to discomfort or a sensation of food getting stuck in the throat.

8. Fatigue and reduced stamina: The increased effort required to breathe due to the narrowed airway can result in fatigue and reduced stamina. Individuals with ISS may find themselves easily exhausted, even with minimal physical exertion.

If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Idiopathic subglottic stenosis is a chronic condition that often requires ongoing management to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.