Keratoconus is a progressive eye disorder that affects the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. In this condition, the cornea gradually thins and bulges into a cone-like shape, causing distorted vision. It typically begins during teenage years or early adulthood and may worsen over time.
People with keratoconus often experience blurry or distorted vision, increased sensitivity to light, and difficulty seeing at night. The exact cause of keratoconus is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Diagnosis of keratoconus involves a comprehensive eye examination, including corneal mapping and measurement of corneal thickness. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition. Mild cases can be managed with eyeglasses or contact lenses, while more advanced cases may require specialized contact lenses, such as rigid gas permeable lenses or scleral lenses. In some cases, surgical interventions like corneal cross-linking or corneal transplant may be necessary.
Regular eye examinations are crucial for individuals with keratoconus to monitor the progression of the disease and ensure appropriate management.