How is Menetrier Disease diagnosed?

Menetrier disease is a rare gastrointestinal disorder characterized by the enlargement of the stomach lining's ridges, resulting in excessive production of gastric acid and protein loss. Diagnosing Menetrier disease can be challenging due to its rarity and similarity to other conditions. However, several diagnostic methods are employed to identify and confirm the presence of this disease.

Medical history and physical examination: The initial step in diagnosing Menetrier disease involves a thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history and a physical examination. The doctor will inquire about symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss, which are commonly associated with the disease. They will also perform a physical examination to assess the patient's overall health and look for any signs of stomach enlargement.

Endoscopy: Endoscopy is a crucial diagnostic procedure for Menetrier disease. It involves inserting a flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) through the mouth and into the stomach. This allows the doctor to visualize the stomach lining and identify any abnormalities. During the procedure, biopsies may be taken to examine the tissue under a microscope.

Biopsy and histopathology: Biopsies obtained during endoscopy are essential for confirming the diagnosis of Menetrier disease. The tissue samples are sent to a laboratory for histopathological analysis. A pathologist examines the samples under a microscope to identify the characteristic changes in the stomach lining, such as enlarged gastric pits and excessive mucus-producing cells.

Imaging tests: In some cases, imaging tests like computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be performed to assess the extent of stomach enlargement and rule out other conditions.

Blood tests: Blood tests may be conducted to evaluate the levels of proteins, electrolytes, and other substances in the blood. Menetrier disease often leads to low levels of albumin and increased levels of gastrin, a hormone involved in stomach acid production.

It is important to note that the diagnosis of Menetrier disease requires the expertise of a healthcare professional. If you suspect you may have Menetrier disease or are experiencing concerning symptoms, it is crucial to consult with a qualified medical practitioner for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.