Which are the symptoms of Menetrier Disease?

Menetrier disease, also known as hypertrophic gastropathy, is a rare gastrointestinal disorder that primarily affects the stomach. It is characterized by the enlargement of the gastric mucosa, the inner lining of the stomach, leading to various symptoms and complications.

Symptoms:

1. Abdominal Pain: Menetrier disease can cause persistent or intermittent abdominal pain. The pain is often described as a dull ache or discomfort in the upper abdomen.

2. Nausea and Vomiting: Many individuals with Menetrier disease experience nausea and may have episodes of vomiting. This can be attributed to the abnormal enlargement of the stomach and the disruption of normal digestive processes.

3. Loss of Appetite: Due to the enlarged stomach and altered gastric function, individuals with Menetrier disease often experience a significant decrease in appetite. This can lead to unintentional weight loss and malnutrition.

4. Edema: Edema, or swelling, is a common symptom of Menetrier disease. It typically affects the lower extremities, causing swelling in the legs and ankles. Edema occurs due to the increased permeability of blood vessels in the stomach lining, leading to fluid retention.

5. Protein Loss: Menetrier disease can result in the loss of proteins from the body. This is primarily due to the excessive secretion of gastric acid and the breakdown of proteins in the stomach. Protein loss can lead to hypoalbuminemia, a condition characterized by low levels of albumin in the blood.

6. Anemia: In some cases, Menetrier disease can cause anemia, a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in hemoglobin levels. Anemia may result from chronic bleeding in the stomach or impaired absorption of iron and other essential nutrients.

7. Diarrhea: Menetrier disease can cause chronic diarrhea in some individuals. The abnormal enlargement of the stomach and altered gastric function can disrupt normal digestion and absorption processes, leading to loose or watery stools.

8. Fatigue: Due to the various symptoms associated with Menetrier disease, individuals often experience fatigue and a general sense of weakness. This can be attributed to malnutrition, anemia, and the overall impact of the disease on the body.

9. Increased Risk of Gastric Cancer: Menetrier disease is associated with an increased risk of developing gastric cancer. Although rare, the risk is significantly higher compared to the general population. Regular monitoring and surveillance are essential for early detection and treatment of any potential malignancies.

It is important to note that the severity and presentation of symptoms can vary among individuals with Menetrier disease. Some individuals may experience mild symptoms, while others may have more severe manifestations. Prompt medical evaluation and appropriate management are crucial to alleviate symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall quality of life.