What is Nelson Syndrome

Nelson Syndrome is a medical condition that typically occurs in individuals who have undergone surgical removal of both adrenal glands as a treatment for Cushing's disease. This rare disorder is characterized by the enlargement or growth of a tumor in the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain.

One of the key features of Nelson Syndrome is the excessive production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary tumor. This hormone stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, a stress hormone. As a result, individuals with Nelson Syndrome may experience symptoms such as skin darkening, weight loss, fatigue, and high blood pressure.

Treatment for Nelson Syndrome typically involves a combination of approaches. Regular monitoring of hormone levels and imaging studies are essential to detect any tumor growth. Medications, such as dopamine agonists, may be prescribed to suppress ACTH production. In severe cases, surgical removal of the pituitary tumor may be necessary.

Early detection and management of Nelson Syndrome are crucial to prevent complications. Regular follow-up appointments with an endocrinologist are recommended for individuals who have undergone bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease.