Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia synonyms

Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia Synonyms

Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia (PNKD) is a rare movement disorder characterized by sudden, involuntary movements that are not triggered by voluntary actions. It is also known by several other names, including:

• Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia (PKD): This term is sometimes used interchangeably with PNKD, although PKD typically refers to a similar but distinct movement disorder that is triggered by sudden movements.


• Paroxysmal Choreoathetosis: This term describes the specific type of movement seen in PNKD, which involves a combination of chorea (jerky, involuntary movements) and athetosis (slow, writhing movements).


• Paroxysmal Dystonic Choreoathetosis: This name emphasizes the presence of both dystonia (sustained muscle contractions causing abnormal postures) and choreoathetosis in PNKD.


• Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dystonia: This term highlights the dystonic component of PNKD, which can manifest as sustained muscle contractions and abnormal postures during episodes.


• Paroxysmal Dyskinesia: This broad term encompasses various movement disorders characterized by episodic, involuntary movements, including PNKD.

It is important to note that while these terms are used interchangeably, they may refer to slightly different subtypes or variations of the disorder. The exact cause of PNKD is still not fully understood, but it is believed to involve genetic factors. Symptoms typically begin in childhood or adolescence and can vary in severity and frequency.

Individuals with PNKD may experience episodes of involuntary movements triggered by stress, fatigue, or caffeine intake. These episodes can last from seconds to minutes and may occur multiple times a day or only occasionally. Treatment options for PNKD include medications to help manage symptoms and lifestyle modifications to minimize triggers.