Which are the symptoms of Polycystic Kidney Disease?

Symptoms of Polycystic Kidney Disease

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. These cysts gradually enlarge over time, leading to kidney damage and potentially causing various symptoms. While the severity and progression of symptoms can vary among individuals, there are several common signs to watch out for:

1. Abdominal Pain

Abdominal pain is a frequent symptom of PKD. It typically occurs on the sides of the abdomen, where the kidneys are located. The pain can range from mild discomfort to severe and debilitating. It may be intermittent or persistent, and can be accompanied by other symptoms.

2. High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure is a common complication of PKD. As the cysts grow and multiply, they can disrupt the normal functioning of the kidneys, leading to increased blood pressure. Hypertension can further damage the kidneys and increase the risk of cardiovascular problems.

3. Changes in Urination

PKD can affect the normal urinary function, resulting in various changes such as:

• Increased frequency of urination


• Nocturia (waking up at night to urinate)


• Hematuria (blood in the urine)


• Urinary tract infections (due to cysts obstructing the urinary system)

4. Kidney Stones

Kidney stones can develop as a result of PKD. The cysts can interfere with the normal flow of urine, leading to the accumulation of minerals and the formation of stones. These stones can cause severe pain, blood in the urine, and urinary tract infections.

5. Back or Side Pain

As the cysts enlarge, they can exert pressure on the surrounding tissues, including the back and sides. This can cause back or side pain that may be dull, aching, or sharp in nature. The pain can be persistent or intermittent, and may worsen with physical activity or certain positions.

6. Headaches and Migraines

PKD can contribute to the development of headaches and migraines. High blood pressure, a common complication of the disease, can trigger these symptoms. Additionally, the cysts themselves can cause pain and discomfort, leading to headaches.

7. Fatigue and Weakness

As PKD progresses and kidney function declines, the body may experience fatigue and weakness. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and maintaining electrolyte balance. When their function is impaired, toxins can build up in the body, leading to fatigue, weakness, and a general feeling of malaise.

8. Enlarged Abdomen

In advanced stages of PKD, the numerous cysts can cause the abdomen to become enlarged. This is often referred to as "potbelly" or "abdominal distension." The swelling is a result of the growing cysts, which can be felt as large, fluid-filled masses in the abdominal area.

It is important to note that not all individuals with PKD will experience all of these symptoms. Some individuals may have mild or no symptoms at all, especially in the early stages of the disease. Regular check-ups and screenings are crucial for early detection and management of PKD.