Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare type of tumor that develops at the base of the tailbone (coccyx) in infants. It is a congenital condition, meaning it is present at birth. SCTs are typically benign (non-cancerous) but can occasionally be malignant (cancerous).
The tumor arises from embryonic cells that should have formed the tailbone. Instead, these cells grow abnormally, resulting in a mass that contains different types of tissues such as fat, muscle, bone, and even organs like the liver or lungs. The size and complexity of SCTs can vary greatly.
Sacrococcygeal teratomas are more common in females and are often detected during routine prenatal ultrasounds. They can cause various complications, including obstruction of the birth canal, fetal hydrops (abnormal fluid accumulation), or compression of nearby organs.
Treatment for SCT involves surgical removal of the tumor. In some cases, the surgery may be performed shortly after birth, while in others, it may be delayed to allow the baby to grow stronger. Regular follow-up is necessary to monitor for any recurrence or long-term effects.