Which are the causes of Tarsal Tunnel syndrome?

Causes of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (TTS) is a condition that occurs when the tibial nerve, which runs along the inside of the ankle, becomes compressed or squeezed. This compression can lead to pain, numbness, and tingling sensations in the foot and ankle. While the exact cause of TTS is often unknown, there are several factors that can contribute to its development.

Anatomical Abnormalities: Certain anatomical abnormalities can increase the risk of developing TTS. For example, flat feet or fallen arches can put excessive pressure on the tibial nerve, leading to compression. Additionally, the presence of a cyst or a bone spur in the tarsal tunnel can also cause nerve compression.

Injury or Trauma: TTS can be caused by direct injury or trauma to the ankle. Spraining or fracturing the ankle can result in swelling and inflammation, which can compress the tibial nerve. In some cases, repetitive stress injuries from activities such as running or jumping can also contribute to the development of TTS.

Systemic Conditions: Certain systemic conditions can increase the risk of developing TTS. Diabetes, for example, can cause nerve damage and inflammation, making the tibial nerve more susceptible to compression. Other conditions such as arthritis, obesity, and hypothyroidism can also contribute to the development of TTS.

Pregnancy: Pregnancy can put pressure on the tibial nerve due to weight gain and hormonal changes. The increased weight can compress the nerve, leading to the development of TTS. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can also result in fluid retention and swelling, further contributing to nerve compression.

Occupational Factors: Certain occupations that involve prolonged standing or walking on hard surfaces can increase the risk of developing TTS. Jobs that require repetitive motions or activities that put excessive pressure on the feet and ankles can lead to inflammation and compression of the tibial nerve over time.

Medical Conditions: Some medical conditions, such as varicose veins or cysts, can cause swelling and inflammation in the tarsal tunnel, leading to nerve compression. Infections or tumors in the foot or ankle area can also contribute to the development of TTS.

Genetic Predisposition: While not fully understood, there may be a genetic component to TTS. Some individuals may have an inherited predisposition to developing nerve compression in the tarsal tunnel.

It is important to note that TTS can have multiple causes, and often a combination of factors contribute to its development. If you are experiencing symptoms of TTS, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.