Which are the symptoms of Tularemia?

Symptoms of Tularemia

Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever or deer fly fever, is a rare infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. It primarily affects animals, especially rodents, rabbits, and hares, but can also be transmitted to humans through various routes, including tick and deer fly bites, handling infected animals, inhalation of contaminated dust or aerosols, or consumption of contaminated water or food.

The symptoms of tularemia can vary depending on the route of transmission and the severity of the infection. The disease can manifest in several forms, including ulceroglandular, glandular, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, pneumonic, and typhoidal tularemia. Each form presents with its own set of symptoms, but there are some common signs to look out for:

1. Fever:

Fever is one of the most common symptoms of tularemia. It usually develops within 3 to 5 days after exposure to the bacteria and can persist for several weeks.

2. Skin Lesions:

In ulceroglandular tularemia, which is the most common form, skin lesions may appear at the site of infection. These lesions are often painful and can develop into open sores or ulcers. They may be accompanied by swelling of nearby lymph nodes.

3. Swollen Lymph Nodes:

Swollen lymph nodes are a characteristic symptom of tularemia. The lymph nodes closest to the site of infection, such as those in the armpit or groin, may become enlarged and tender to the touch.

4. Fatigue and Weakness:

Many individuals with tularemia experience fatigue and weakness. These symptoms can be debilitating and may persist even after other symptoms have resolved.

5. Chills and Sweating:

Chills and sweating are common flu-like symptoms associated with tularemia. They often accompany the fever and can contribute to overall discomfort.

6. Respiratory Symptoms:

In cases of pneumonic tularemia, which occurs when the bacteria are inhaled, individuals may experience respiratory symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. This form of tularemia can be severe and potentially life-threatening.

7. Eye Inflammation:

Oculoglandular tularemia, which occurs when the bacteria enter the eye, can cause eye inflammation and redness. This may be accompanied by discharge and sensitivity to light.

8. Gastrointestinal Symptoms:

Ingestion of contaminated food or water can lead to oropharyngeal or gastrointestinal tularemia. Symptoms may include sore throat, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

If you experience any of these symptoms and suspect tularemia, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Tularemia can be treated with antibiotics, especially when diagnosed early. Delayed treatment can lead to complications and more severe forms of the disease.