Which are the symptoms of Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome?

Symptoms of Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome

Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) is a rare condition that can occur in identical twin pregnancies where the blood supply between the twins becomes imbalanced. This condition can have serious consequences for both babies if left untreated. Identifying the symptoms of TTTS is crucial for early detection and appropriate medical intervention.

1. Rapid growth discrepancy: One of the primary symptoms of TTTS is a significant difference in the size of the twins. One baby may appear much larger than the other due to the uneven distribution of blood flow. This discrepancy in growth can be detected during routine ultrasound examinations.

2. Polyhydramnios and Oligohydramnios: TTTS can lead to imbalances in the amniotic fluid levels surrounding the twins. The recipient twin, who receives excessive blood flow, may experience polyhydramnios, characterized by an excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid. Conversely, the donor twin, who receives inadequate blood flow, may develop oligohydramnios, which is a deficiency of amniotic fluid.

3. Abnormal Doppler blood flow: Doppler ultrasound is a diagnostic tool used to assess blood flow in the umbilical cord and other fetal blood vessels. In TTTS, abnormal Doppler blood flow patterns may be observed, indicating an imbalance in blood circulation between the twins.

4. Discordant fetal heart rates: Monitoring the fetal heart rates of both twins is crucial in identifying TTTS. Discordant heart rates, where one twin's heart rate is significantly faster or slower than the other, can be indicative of the condition.

5. Presence of twin-to-twin transfusion: In some cases, the presence of actual blood transfusion between the twins can be observed during ultrasound examinations. This occurs when blood vessels in the shared placenta connect the circulatory systems of the twins, leading to an unequal exchange of blood.

6. Development of hydrops: In severe cases of TTTS, hydrops may develop in one or both twins. Hydrops is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the body cavities and tissues, leading to swelling and potential organ dysfunction.

7. Maternal symptoms: While the focus is primarily on the well-being of the babies, TTTS can also have an impact on the mother. Maternal symptoms may include abdominal pain, discomfort, or a feeling of fullness due to the increased size of the uterus.

It is important to note that the presence of these symptoms does not definitively confirm the diagnosis of TTTS. A comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional, including specialized ultrasound examinations, is necessary for an accurate diagnosis.