What is Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is a rare type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children. It is named after Dr. Max Wilms, a German surgeon who first described the condition in 1899. Wilms tumor typically occurs in children aged 3 to 4 years and is rarely found in older children or adults.

The exact cause of Wilms tumor is unknown, but certain genetic factors may increase the risk of developing this condition. Children with certain birth defects or genetic syndromes, such as WAGR syndrome or Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, are more susceptible to Wilms tumor.

Symptoms of Wilms tumor may include a palpable mass or swelling in the abdomen, abdominal pain, blood in the urine, fever, and general malaise. However, some cases may be asymptomatic and the tumor is incidentally discovered during a routine check-up or imaging tests.

Diagnosis of Wilms tumor involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI), and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment for Wilms tumor typically involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy. The specific treatment plan depends on the stage and extent of the tumor, as well as the child's overall health.

With early detection and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for Wilms tumor is generally favorable, and the majority of children can be cured. Regular follow-up care is important to monitor for any potential recurrence or long-term effects of treatment.