Which are the causes of Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal white blood cells, known as myeloid cells. While the exact cause of CML is not fully understood, there are several factors that have been identified as potential contributors to the development of this disease.

Genetic Mutation: The majority of CML cases are caused by a specific genetic mutation known as the Philadelphia chromosome. This mutation occurs when there is an abnormal exchange of genetic material between chromosomes 9 and 22. As a result, a fusion gene called BCR-ABL1 is formed, which leads to the production of an abnormal protein that promotes the uncontrolled growth of white blood cells.

Environmental Factors: Although the genetic mutation is the primary cause of CML, certain environmental factors may play a role in its development. Exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation, such as from atomic bomb explosions or radiation therapy for other cancers, has been linked to an increased risk of developing CML. Additionally, exposure to certain chemicals, such as benzene, a solvent found in some industrial settings, has also been associated with an increased risk of CML.

Age: CML can occur at any age, but it is more commonly diagnosed in adults, particularly those over the age of 60. The risk of developing CML increases with age, although it can affect individuals of any age group, including children.

Gender: CML affects both males and females, but studies have shown a slightly higher incidence in males. The reasons for this gender difference are not well understood and further research is needed to determine the underlying factors.

Other Genetic Factors: In rare cases, CML can be caused by other genetic abnormalities unrelated to the Philadelphia chromosome. These genetic abnormalities may be inherited or acquired during a person's lifetime.

It is important to note that while these factors may increase the risk of developing CML, not everyone with these risk factors will develop the disease. Likewise, individuals without these risk factors can still develop CML. The exact interplay between genetic and environmental factors in the development of CML is complex and requires further research.

Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing CML. If you suspect any symptoms or have concerns about your health, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment options.