Coats Disease synonyms

Coats Disease, also known as exudative retinitis or retinal telangiectasis, is a rare eye disorder that primarily affects young males. It is characterized by abnormal development and leakage of blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. This condition typically affects only one eye, although it can rarely occur in both eyes.

Symptoms

Coats Disease can present with various symptoms, including:

• Decreased vision


• Strabismus (crossed or misaligned eyes)


• Leukocoria (white pupil reflex)


• Floaters (spots or lines in the field of vision)


• Redness or inflammation of the eye

Causes

The exact cause of Coats Disease is unknown. It is believed to be a result of abnormal development of blood vessels in the retina, leading to their fragility and subsequent leakage. While the condition is typically sporadic, some cases may have a genetic component.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing Coats Disease involves a comprehensive eye examination, including visual acuity tests, dilated fundus examination, and imaging techniques such as fluorescein angiography. Treatment options depend on the severity of the disease and may include:

• Observation: In mild cases, regular monitoring of the condition may be recommended.


• Laser therapy: Laser treatment can be used to seal leaking blood vessels and prevent further damage.


• Cryotherapy: Freezing therapy may be employed to treat abnormal blood vessels.


• Intravitreal injections: Medications injected into the eye can help reduce inflammation and control the progression of the disease.


• Vitrectomy: In advanced cases, surgical removal of the vitreous gel may be necessary to improve vision.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Coats Disease varies depending on the stage and severity of the condition. Early detection and intervention can significantly improve outcomes. However, if left untreated, Coats Disease can lead to progressive vision loss, retinal detachment, and other complications.