Is Graft Versus Host Disease contagious?

Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) is a medical condition that can occur after a stem cell or bone marrow transplant. It happens when the transplanted cells (the graft) recognize the recipient's body (the host) as foreign and attack it. GVHD is not contagious and cannot be transmitted from person to person.

The development of GVHD is influenced by several factors, including the degree of tissue matching between the donor and recipient, the type of transplant, and the use of immunosuppressive medications. It typically occurs within the first few months after the transplant, but can also manifest later.

Symptoms of GVHD can vary depending on the organs affected, but commonly include skin rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and liver dysfunction. In severe cases, GVHD can be life-threatening and require intensive medical intervention.

Treatment for GVHD aims to suppress the immune response and manage symptoms. This may involve medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or monoclonal antibodies. In some cases, additional therapies like photopheresis or extracorporeal photopheresis may be used.

Preventing GVHD is a major focus in transplantation medicine. Doctors carefully match the donor and recipient, and may use prophylactic medications to reduce the risk of GVHD. Close monitoring and regular follow-up are crucial to detect and manage GVHD early.