Which are the causes of IgA nephropathy?

Causes of IgA Nephropathy

IgA nephropathy, also known as Berger's disease, is a kidney disorder characterized by the accumulation of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the glomeruli, which are the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys responsible for filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood. The exact cause of IgA nephropathy is not fully understood, but several factors have been identified as potential contributors to the development of this condition.

1. Abnormal IgA Production

IgA nephropathy is believed to be primarily caused by an abnormal immune response, leading to the overproduction of IgA antibodies. IgA is an immunoglobulin that plays a crucial role in the body's defense against infections. However, in IgA nephropathy, the IgA antibodies become faulty and form immune complexes that deposit in the kidneys, triggering inflammation and damage to the glomeruli.

2. Genetic Predisposition

Genetic factors are thought to play a role in the development of IgA nephropathy. Studies have shown that individuals with a family history of the disease are at a higher risk of developing it themselves. Certain genetic variations may affect the production and structure of IgA antibodies, making individuals more susceptible to the condition.

3. Infections

Infections, particularly respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, have been implicated as triggers for IgA nephropathy. It is believed that these infections can stimulate the immune system, leading to an increased production of IgA antibodies. The abnormal IgA antibodies can then accumulate in the kidneys, causing inflammation and kidney damage.

4. Environmental Factors

Environmental factors such as exposure to certain toxins or pollutants may contribute to the development of IgA nephropathy. However, the specific substances or environmental triggers have not been definitively identified.

5. Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune disorders are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. There is evidence to suggest that individuals with certain autoimmune disorders, such as celiac disease or rheumatoid arthritis, have a higher risk of developing IgA nephropathy. The underlying immune dysfunction in these disorders may contribute to the abnormal production and deposition of IgA antibodies in the kidneys.

6. Other Factors

Other factors that may contribute to the development of IgA nephropathy include:

• Age: The condition is more commonly diagnosed in individuals between the ages of 15 and 35, although it can occur at any age.


• Gender: Males are slightly more likely to develop IgA nephropathy than females.


• Race: Certain ethnic groups, such as Asians and Caucasians, have a higher prevalence of the disease.


• Smoking: Smoking has been associated with an increased risk of IgA nephropathy.


• High Blood Pressure: Individuals with high blood pressure may be more susceptible to kidney damage caused by IgA nephropathy.

It is important to note that while these factors may increase the risk of developing IgA nephropathy, they do not guarantee the development of the disease. The exact interplay between these factors and the immune system remains complex and requires further research.