What are the best treatments for Trench Fever?

Treatment Options for Trench Fever

Trench fever, also known as five-day fever, is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Bartonella quintana. It is typically transmitted through the bites of body lice and was prevalent during World War I, affecting soldiers living in unsanitary conditions in trenches. If left untreated, trench fever can lead to severe complications. Therefore, prompt treatment is crucial to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.

Antibiotics are the cornerstone of treating trench fever. They effectively eliminate the bacteria responsible for the infection. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics for trench fever include:

• Doxycycline: This antibiotic is highly effective against Bartonella quintana and is often the first-line treatment for trench fever. It is usually taken orally for a period of 4-6 weeks.


• Azithromycin: Another antibiotic that has shown efficacy against Bartonella quintana. It is often used as an alternative to doxycycline, especially for individuals who cannot tolerate or are allergic to it.


• Erythromycin: Although less commonly used nowadays, erythromycin can still be effective in treating trench fever. It is typically prescribed for individuals who cannot take doxycycline or azithromycin.

Pain relief medications may be recommended to alleviate the symptoms associated with trench fever. These medications can help reduce fever, headache, muscle aches, and joint pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can provide temporary relief.

Rest and hydration are essential components of the treatment plan for trench fever. Adequate rest allows the body to recover and fight off the infection more effectively. Staying hydrated helps maintain overall health and supports the immune system in its battle against the bacteria.

Good personal hygiene and preventing lice infestation are crucial in managing trench fever. Regularly washing clothes, bedding, and personal items in hot water can help eliminate lice and prevent reinfestation. Maintaining cleanliness and avoiding close contact with individuals who have lice can significantly reduce the risk of contracting trench fever.

In severe cases of trench fever or when complications arise, hospitalization may be necessary. Hospital-based treatment allows for closer monitoring of the patient's condition and the administration of intravenous antibiotics if needed.

Follow-up care is important to ensure complete recovery from trench fever. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider will help monitor the progress of treatment and address any lingering symptoms or concerns.

It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan for trench fever. They will consider individual factors such as medical history, severity of symptoms, and potential drug interactions before recommending the most suitable treatment options.