Which are the symptoms of Wallenberg Syndrome?

Symptoms of Wallenberg Syndrome

Wallenberg Syndrome, also known as lateral medullary syndrome or posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) syndrome, is a neurological condition that occurs due to a stroke or blockage in the vertebral or posterior inferior cerebellar artery. This condition affects the medulla oblongata, which is the lower part of the brainstem, leading to a range of symptoms that can vary in severity.

1. Dysphagia: One of the most common symptoms of Wallenberg Syndrome is difficulty swallowing or dysphagia. This can make it challenging to eat, drink, or even swallow saliva. Dysphagia can increase the risk of choking and aspiration pneumonia.

2. Hoarseness and Dysarthria: Wallenberg Syndrome can cause hoarseness of voice and dysarthria, which is difficulty in articulating speech. This occurs due to the involvement of the cranial nerves responsible for controlling the muscles involved in speech and vocalization.

3. Vertigo and Dizziness: Many individuals with Wallenberg Syndrome experience vertigo, a spinning sensation, and dizziness. These symptoms can be debilitating and affect balance and coordination.

4. Nystagmus: Nystagmus is an involuntary eye movement that is commonly observed in Wallenberg Syndrome. It can cause rapid, jerky eye movements, leading to visual disturbances and difficulty focusing.

5. Facial Weakness and Sensory Loss: Wallenberg Syndrome can result in facial weakness on one side of the face, known as peripheral facial palsy. This can cause drooping of the mouth, difficulty closing the eye, and decreased facial expression. Additionally, there may be sensory loss on the same side of the face.

6. Horner's Syndrome: Horner's syndrome is characterized by a combination of symptoms, including drooping of the eyelid (ptosis), constriction of the pupil (miosis), and decreased sweating on one side of the face. It occurs due to the involvement of the sympathetic nerves in the affected area.

7. Ataxia: Ataxia refers to a lack of coordination and unsteady movements. Individuals with Wallenberg Syndrome may experience ataxia, making it difficult to walk, maintain balance, or perform fine motor tasks.

8. Impaired Pain and Temperature Sensation: Wallenberg Syndrome can lead to a loss of pain and temperature sensation on one side of the face and the opposite side of the body. This occurs due to the involvement of the spinothalamic tract, which carries sensory information related to pain and temperature.

9. Hiccups: Some individuals with Wallenberg Syndrome may experience persistent hiccups, which can be bothersome and interfere with daily activities.

10. Other Symptoms: Depending on the location and extent of the stroke, individuals with Wallenberg Syndrome may also experience symptoms such as difficulty in swallowing, nausea, vomiting, hearing loss, and altered taste sensation.

It is important to note that the severity and combination of symptoms can vary from person to person, depending on the extent of the brainstem involvement. Prompt medical attention and rehabilitation are crucial for managing Wallenberg Syndrome and improving the individual's quality of life.