Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia synonyms

Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) is a neurological disorder characterized by progressive weakness and stiffness in the lower limbs. It is also known by several other names, including:

• Familial Spastic Paraparesis: This term is often used interchangeably with HSP and refers to the same condition. It emphasizes the familial nature of the disorder, indicating that it can be inherited within families.


• Strumpell-Lorrain Syndrome: This name is derived from the two physicians who first described the condition in the late 19th century, Dr. Gabriel Strumpell and Dr. Maurice Lorrain. It is less commonly used today but still recognized as a synonym for HSP.


• Spastic Paraplegia Type X: HSP is a genetically heterogeneous disorder, meaning it can be caused by mutations in different genes. Spastic Paraplegia Type X refers specifically to cases where the genetic cause is unknown or not yet identified.


• Spastic Paraplegia 4: This term is used to describe a specific subtype of HSP caused by mutations in the SPAST gene. It is one of the most common forms of HSP and accounts for a significant proportion of cases.

HSP is a progressive condition, meaning that symptoms worsen over time. The hallmark features include muscle weakness and stiffness in the legs, which can lead to difficulties with walking and coordination. Other symptoms may include muscle spasms, urinary urgency, and sensory abnormalities.

It is important to note that while HSP primarily affects the lower limbs, it can also involve other parts of the body, such as the upper limbs, face, and trunk. The severity and progression of symptoms can vary widely among individuals, even within the same family.

Diagnosis of HSP typically involves a thorough clinical evaluation, including a detailed medical history, physical examination, and genetic testing. Treatment options are currently limited and focus on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Physical therapy, assistive devices, and medications may be recommended to alleviate spasticity and improve mobility.

In summary, Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia is a neurological disorder characterized by progressive weakness and stiffness in the lower limbs. It is also known as Familial Spastic Paraparesis, Strumpell-Lorrain Syndrome, Spastic Paraplegia Type X, or Spastic Paraplegia 4. The condition can cause a range of symptoms and is typically diagnosed through clinical evaluation and genetic testing.