What is Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) is a hereditary neurological disorder that affects the peripheral nerves, which are responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and sensory organs. It is named after the three physicians who first described it: Jean-Martin Charcot, Pierre Marie, and Howard Henry Tooth.

CMT is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting, particularly in the lower legs and feet, leading to difficulties with walking and balance. It can also affect the hands, causing weakness and dexterity problems. Sensory symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and loss of sensation may also occur.

This condition is caused by genetic mutations that affect the structure and function of the peripheral nerves. There are several subtypes of CMT, each with different genetic causes and patterns of inheritance.

While there is currently no cure for CMT, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Physical therapy, assistive devices, and orthopedic interventions can help maintain mobility and function. Genetic counseling is also important for individuals with CMT and their families to understand the inheritance pattern and make informed decisions.