How do I know if I have Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare and acquired blood disorder characterized by the destruction of red blood cells, leading to various symptoms and complications. If you suspect you may have PNH, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis. However, there are several signs and symptoms that may indicate the presence of PNH:

• Hemoglobinuria: One of the hallmark symptoms of PNH is the presence of dark-colored urine, often described as cola or tea-colored. This occurs due to the release of hemoglobin from the destroyed red blood cells.


• Fatigue and weakness: PNH can cause chronic fatigue and weakness due to the reduced number of healthy red blood cells carrying oxygen throughout the body.


• Shortness of breath: As a result of anemia, individuals with PNH may experience difficulty breathing, especially during physical exertion.


• Easy bruising and bleeding: PNH can lead to an increased tendency to bruise or bleed, as the disorder affects the platelets responsible for blood clotting.


• Abdominal pain: Some individuals with PNH may experience abdominal pain, often associated with blood clots in the abdomen.


• Thrombosis: PNH increases the risk of blood clots forming in various parts of the body, such as the veins of the legs or the major organs.


• Iron deficiency: PNH can cause iron deficiency anemia, leading to symptoms like pale skin, dizziness, and brittle nails.

It is important to note that these symptoms can also be indicative of other conditions, so a thorough medical evaluation is necessary for an accurate diagnosis. A healthcare professional will typically perform various tests, including blood tests, flow cytometry, and bone marrow examination, to confirm the presence of PNH.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing PNH and preventing complications. If you experience any of the aforementioned symptoms or suspect you may have PNH, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. A healthcare professional will be able to provide a comprehensive evaluation and develop an appropriate treatment plan tailored to your specific needs.